Friday, May 20, 2022
No Result
View All Result
Medical Finance
  • Home
  • News
  • Interviews
  • Mediknowledge
  • Insights From Industry
  • Thought Leaders
  • Coronavirus
  • Whitepapers
  • Home
  • News
  • Interviews
  • Mediknowledge
  • Insights From Industry
  • Thought Leaders
  • Coronavirus
  • Whitepapers
No Result
View All Result
Medical Finance
No Result
View All Result
Home Coronavirus

Good glycemic control in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated type 2 diabetic patients reduces risk of breakthrough infection

by Medical Finance
in Coronavirus
Study: Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study. Image Credit: Andrey_Popov / Shutterstock.com
9
SHARES
99
VIEWS
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

A new study under consideration at a Nature Portfolio Journal and currently published on the Research Square* preprint server suggests that adequate glycemic control during the year after being vaccinated against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) improves the relative immunological response to the Pfizer-BioNTech messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) BNT162b2 vaccine and reduces the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breakthrough infections among type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Study: Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study. Image Credit: Andrey_Popov / Shutterstock.com

Study: Glycaemic control is associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in vaccinated patients with type 2 diabetes: an observational study. Image Credit: Andrey_Popov / Shutterstock.com

Factors associated with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections

The global SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign has been very successful in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severity of COVID-19. However, a considerable number of breakthrough infections have emerged as a result of several factors, some of which include waning vaccine-induced antibody levels, the emergence of new viral variants with immune escape characteristics, and patient comorbidities. In particular, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are the most frequent comorbidities observed in fully vaccinated patients developing COVID-19.

T2D patients suffer from an undermined immune response with respect to both vaccination and natural infections. Glycemic control has been suggested to be the key determinant associated with the mounting of immune responses in T2D patients.

The association of glycemic control after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with COVID-19 breakthrough infections is not yet clear. Thus, the researchers of the current study explored the possible association between glycemic control and immune responses after the BNT162b2 vaccination.

About the study

The current prospective observational study was conducted on healthcare and educator workers with T2D who had received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Subjects were followed up for an average of 346 days, during which they underwent five successive clinical, laboratory evaluations, and HbA1c assessments starting from the day of the second vaccine dose.

The one-year mean of HbA1c, which indicates the blood sugar levels in the past two to three months, from five successive visits was used as the metric of glycemic control to categorize the subjects into two groups. These two groups included those with poor glycemic control (PC) group, as defined as HbA1c less than 7%, and good glycemic control (GC) group, as defined as HbA1c exceeding 7%.

Neutralization antibody and T-cell responses were assessed in all participants after 14 days from the second dose and at each of the five visits. In addition, the team assessed who developed COVID-19 breakthrough infection more than 14 days after the second vaccine dose.

Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between the one-year mean of HbA1c and survival from COVID-19 breakthrough infection and was adjusted for confounders including age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, cardiovascular risk factors, and active therapies.

HbA1c has a significant relationship with vaccine-related immune parameters. Regression analysis between neutralization antibodies (A), CD4+/interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) (B), CD4+/interleukin-2 (IL-2) (C), CD4+/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) one-year mean (D) and HbA1c one-year mean (5 evaluations) predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS).

HbA1c has a significant relationship with vaccine-related immune parameters. Regression analysis between neutralization antibodies (A), CD4+/interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) (B), CD4+/interleukin-2 (IL-2) (C), CD4+/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) one-year mean (D) and HbA1c one-year mean (5 evaluations) predicted residual error sum of squares (PRESS).

GC T2D participants show better humoral and cell-mediated responses

Of the 494 participants, 196 were included in the GC group and 298 were categorized with PC. As assessed by the one-year mean of the percentage of neutralization, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significantly reduced virus-neutralizing antibody capacity as compared to T2D patients with good glycemic control.

With regards to the cell-mediated immunity, the team observed a higher number of CD4+ T-helper cells expressing interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in patients with good glycemic control as compared to patients with poorer control.

The one-year mean of HbA1c was found to be closely related with the one-year mean of antibody-mediated neutralization capacity and with the number of CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNFα. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that glycemic control is closely related to the immune response elicited following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.

Variables of ‘glycemia control’ and smoking impact breakthrough infections

The team recorded 10.5% and 3.6% breakthrough cases among T2D patients with PC and GC, respectively.

In addition, the one-year mean of HbA1c was significantly associated with the incidence of breakthrough infections with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.285. Patients who reported a breakthrough infection exhibited significantly lower levels of both antibody-mediated neutralization capacity and CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNFα during the peri-infection period.

In addition to glycemia, the only other factor associated significantly with the incidence of breakthrough infections was smoking with an HR of 0.360. As per previous studies, poorly controlled T2D and smoking are two of the major drivers of the debilitated immune system. Gradual deterioration of the immune system weakens the host’s capacity to respond to infections as well as hinders the development of long-term immune memory.

In summary, our findings, coupled with the observation that achieving adequate glycemic control improves the relative immunological response, suggest that the implementation of diabetes care might enhance vaccine effectiveness, thus lowering the risk of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.”

*Important notice

Research Square publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.

Total
0
Shares
Share 0
Tweet 0
Pin it 0
Share 0
Medical Finance

Medical Finance

Related Posts

Study: In Vitro Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Dry Algae Powders. Image Credit: LuckyStep/Shutterstock

Algae found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

by Medical Finance
May 19, 2022
0

A recent study posted to Research Square* preprint server demonstrated that dry algal powders inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)...

Study: Microalgal drugs: A promising therapeutic reserve for the future. Image Credit: Bigone / Shutterstock

Algal metabolites as novel drugs against viruses

by Medical Finance
May 19, 2022
0

Bioactive metabolites extracted from natural resources serve as drugs for the treatment of various diseases. A new review article published...

Study: Cannabidiol and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Image Credit: whatstock/Shutterstock

The different actions of CBD in SARS-CoV-2 infection

by Medical Finance
May 20, 2022
0

An article recently published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology has described the role of cannabidiol, a phytochemical found in...

Study: CASCADE: Naked eye-detection of SARS-CoV-2 using Cas13a and gold nanoparticles. Image Credit: Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock

CASCADE biosensor found to be effective in naked-eye SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection

by Medical Finance
May 19, 2022
0

In a recent study posted to the Analytica Chimica Acta*, researchers reported the efficacy of their self-developed CASCADE (CRISPR/CAS-based Colorimetric...

Study: The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity Nanocovax: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial. Image Credit: Prostock-studio/Shutterstock

Results of Phase 3 Nanocovax SARS-CoV-2 vaccine trial suggest robust effectiveness

by Medical Finance
May 19, 2022
0

A recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server presented the findings of the Phase 3 trial of the Nanocovax coronavirus...

Study: Molecular dynamics and docking studies on potentially active natural phytochemicals for targeting SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Image Credit: Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock

Study shows potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by natural phytochemicals

by Medical Finance
May 19, 2022
0

A recent study posted to the Research Square* preprint server, and currently under consideration at the Journal of Molecular Modeling, assessed the...

Next Post
Study: SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Professional Orchestra and Choir Musicians – A Prospective Cohort Study. Image Credit: Skreidzeleu/Shutterstock

Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in orchestra and choir musicians

Study: NRP1 and furin as putative mediators of SARS-CoV-2 entry into human brain cells. Image Credit: Kateryna Kon/Shutterstock

Researchers discover mechanism behind SARS-CoV-2 entry into the brain

0 0 votes
Article Rating
Subscribe
Login
Notify of
guest
guest
0 Comments
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments

Support

  • Contact
  • Disclaimer
  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms And Conditions

Categories

  • Coronavirus
  • Insights From Industry
  • Interviews
  • Mediknowledge
  • News
  • Thought Leaders
  • Whitepapers

More News

  • A doctor makes a vaccination to a child Yuganov Konstantin cdbf1b05417f45e89b8268af4858e1c9 620x480
    Scientists reveal the possibility to improve immunological memory in vaccines
  • Study: Favourable vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response profile in patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies. Image Credit: sdecoret/Shutterstock
    T cell responses in inflammatory bowel disease patients on immune-modifying agents after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination
  • Home
  • Privacy Policy
  • Contact
  • Disclaimer
  • Terms And Conditions

© 2022 Medical Finance - Latest Financial and Business News

No Result
View All Result
  • Interviews
  • Mediknowledge
  • News
  • Insights From Industry
  • Coronavirus
  • Thought Leaders
  • Whitepapers
wpDiscuz
0
0
Would love your thoughts, please comment.x
()
x
| Reply